Once you are in the Chrome browser settings:
Scroll to the bottom of the settings screen and click Advanced.
Scroll down to the Privacy and security section and click on Content Settings.
Click on Cookies.
Make sure the top option is on so that it reads Allow sites to save and read cookie data (recommended).
Make sure that Block third-party cookies is NOT enabled.
Click the X at the top right of the settings window to close it.
If that still doesn't help, it could be an extension that has been added to Chrome that is creating an issue:
Open the Chrome web browser.
At the top right, click ⋮ or ! and then Settings.
At the bottom, click Advanced.
Under Reset Settings, click Reset Settings and then Reset or Reset Settings.
In the Google Chrome browser on other devices, click the ⋮ or ! icon at the top right of the browser window to open the browser menu. Select Settings and proceed to step 1 below.
On a Chromebook, start by clicking the icon at the bottom left of the screen to bring up the control panel. Click the Gear icon ⚙ for settings and proceed to step 1 below.
GETTING AN AUTHORIZATION TO "STICK"
If you briefly see a momentary notice your account was authorized but then it fails and returns to the screen with the AUTHORIZE button, you probably have disabled third-party cookies in your web browser.
Sometimes folks have trouble getting their Google Drive to authorize properly in Canvas. This prevents them from submitting assignments directly from their Google Drive.
FIRST TRY TO AUTHORIZE GOOGLE DRIVE
Try clicking on Google Drive in the left sidebar navigation. If you see an AUTHORIZE button near the bottom of the window, click it. Select your district Google account and Allow the Google Drive LTI by Canvas to view and manage files. Hopefully, that process will get things working.
WORKING AROUND GOOGLE DRIVE ISSUES IN CANVAS
If the previous tips don't help and you still can't see your Google Drive in Canvas, you can:
Download the file you want to submit to your Chromebook's Downloads folder
Upload the file from that folder into Canvas
DOWNLOADING A GOOGLE DOC/SHEET/SLIDE TO YOUR CHROMEBOOK
While viewing your file in Google Docs, Sheets, or Slides, click on File, then Download as, then PDF Document (or Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, or Microsoft PowerPoint if that is preferred by your teacher).
The file will be downloaded to the Downloads folder on your Chromebook. You can click on SHOW IN FOLDER in a dialog box at the lower right of your screen to confirm the successful download.
UPLOADING THE FILE TO CANVAS OR TURNITIN
When submitting a file to Canvas or the integrated Turnitin service, choose File Upload or something similar rather than Google Drive or Cloud Submission.
Click Choose FIle or something similar and locate the file you need in the Downloads folder of your Chromebook, and click OPEN.
Submit your assignment.